Prinsip-prinsip di sebalik persekitaran Zen

Oleh schaleydez - untuk tujuan pendidikan sahaja dari Senihias.com.my

Konsep Zen amat mudah menarik minat dan perhatian sesiapa saja. Aplikasi konsep ini dalam penataan dalaman mahu pun taman kelihatan amat elegan dan mewah di sebalik ciri ringkas yang ketara. Bagi sesiapa yang berminat dengan konsep penataan Jepun yang terkenal ini, terdapat 7 prinsip asas untuk difahami dan diikuti untuk menjayakannya. Berikut adalah konsep-konsep berkenaan.

Ringkas dan asas merupakan ciri penting dalam penataan ruang tamu Zen

Kanso- Meringkaskan atau menghapuskan selerak. Elemen-elemen dipersembahkan secara bersahaja, mudah dan semulajadi. Ia mengingatkan kita tentang memperjelaskan dan bukan tentang dekorasi. Dengan membuang atau mengecualikan sesuatu yang tidak penting, kita dapat memperjelaskan apa yang ingin dilihat.

Prinsip ketidaksamaan atau keluarbiasaan dipersimbolkan oleh bulatan lukisan berus yang tidak sempurna

Enso Fukinsei – Keluarbiasaan atau ketidaksamaan. Idea mengawal keseimbangan dalam sesuatu gubahan melalui keluarbiasaan dan ketidaksamaan merupakan kunci kepada konsep Zen. Alam semulajadi sendiri memaparkan pelbagai keindahan dan keharmonian yang seimbang, dinamik, menarik dan mempersona di sebalik pelbagai ketidaksamaan dan keluarbiasaan.

Tunjukkan apa yang ada, sekadar adanya

Shibui/Shibumi – Keindahan bersahaja atau dalam keadaan di mana ia sepatutnya dan tidak dilebih-lebihkan. Berterus terang, ringkas, tepat, sempurna dan elegan. Terma-terma seperti ini sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu teknologi atau barangan pengguna yang hebat yang mana kecantikannya terserlah tanpa memerlukan sebarang aksesori.

Rupabentuk semulajadi yang bertujuan dan bermatlamat

Shizen – Kesemulajadian. Kreativiti tidak perlu dipaksa sehingga membawa kepada kepura-puraan dan kepalsuan. Ia agak ironi kerana apa yang kelihatan semulajadi dalam persekitaran Zen sebenarnya bukanlah satu kebetulan. Ia sentiasa mengandungi tujuan dan matlamat di sebalik rupa yang semulajadi.

Elemen abstrak merupakan ciri tetap konsep Zen

Yugen – Kedalaman atau pembayangan maksud berbanding pernyataan. Dalam rekaan sesebuah persekitaran Zen akan wujud koleksi elemen yang bersifat abstrak. Menunjukkan hanya sebahagian dari sesuatu perkara mungkin dapat mendorong kepada kefahaman atau presepsi yang lebih luas. Banyak dapat dipertontonkan dari sedikit yang dipersembahkan.

Apa yang biasa bukanlah ciri yang didokong Zen

Datsuzoku – Bebas dari kebiasaan atau formula. Mengelak dari apa yang rutin dan biasa. Di luar kotak. Melangkaui apa yang konvensional. Kebanyakan orang akan terpegun apabila persekitaran yang mereka lihat tidak kelihatan seperti kebiasaan yang mereka jangka.

Ketenangan dapat dirasai bersama penataan seperti ini

Seijaku – Ketenangan, ketenteraman, keabadian. Perasaan ini dapat dikaitkan apabila kita berada dalam persekitaran Zen. Berlawanan dengan prinsip “seijaku” adalah hiruk pikuk dan kacau bilau.

Koleksi Imej: Google Images

Landscape Shrubs

Shrubs Image Gallery

©2007 Publications International, Ltd. clusters, which may be mounded, globular, flat, or spiked. See more pictures of shrubs.

While you may think of shrubs as "just green bushes," they are actually much more. Landscape shrubs come in a variety of shapes and sizes, producing many different types of foliage, berries, and fragrances. No matter what effect you are trying to achieve, there is undoubtedly a shrub that will fit the bill.

Creeping shrubs, like junipers, can serve as evergreenground covers. Low, bushy shrubs like spirea and potentilla blend nicely into flower gardens or the front of a planting around the house. Larger, rounded shrubs can be grouped into clusters to define space or create privacy. More compact cultivars that mature when around 4 feet high, like 'Newport' viburnum, can be used around a house without any pruning.

Taller shrubs, like Allegheny viburnum, are best kept at some distance from the house where they won't block the views. They make good screens for the property perimeter. Vertical shrubs that are shaped like an upright cone or pillar, such as 'Skyrocket' juniper, create formality or emphasis in the yard. They can be striking when placed on either side of a doorway or garden gate. Suitable shrubs include dwarf firs, pines, hemlocks, spruces, heathers, junipers, arborvitaes, and false cypresses.

Specialty nurseries and catalogs abound with other, less common conifers as well. Interplant cone-shape and vertical evergreens with low and mounded forms. Add some spectacular weeping conifers for excitement, and contrast blue and gray foliage against green and gold. In summer, add some annuals,perennials, and ornamental grasses for variety.

On this page, we've included links to shrubs suitable for landscaping. Before planting, check with your garden center to make sure that the shrubs you've selected will flourish in your locale.

Landscape Shrubs:

• Enkianthus
• Euonymus, Burning Bush
• Michigan Holly
• Rosemary

Evergreen Shrubs:

• Heather

Spring Flowering Shrubs:

• Blueberry
• Bridal Wreath
• Fothergilla
• Leucothoe
• Lilac
• Mock Orange
• Pieris
• Rhododendron
• Witch Hazel

Summer Flowering Shrubs:

• Hydrangea
• Hypericum

Summer and Fall Flowering Shrubs:

• Butterfly Bush
• Smoke Tree

Fall Flowering Shrubs:

• Azalea

Fall, Winter, and Spring Floweirng Shrubs:

• Camellia

http://www.howstuffworks.com

Aktiviti kelas 4 Gemilang 2010

Pembiakan Tumbuhan kaedah Markot

Warna dalam landskap

“Hasil gabungan dan susunan tanaman mengikut reka bentuk melalui prinsip landskap bukan saja mencantikkan pemandangan malah menambahkan nilai estetik halaman rumah dan kawasan sekeliling.

“Prinsip landskap merangkumi enam prinsip iaitu ukuran, keringkasan, kepelbagaian, turutan, keseimbangan dan ulangan yang digunakan sebagai panduan apabila membina landskap di halaman rumah.


LAMAN yang terhad bukan alasan tidak membina lanskap.

Beliau berkata, sebagai contoh, halaman rumahnya yang terletak di Bandar Utama, Petaling Jaya, hanya mempunyai keluasan terhad iaitu enam meter lebar dan enam meter panjang.

“Apa perlu dilakukan ialah mewujudkan landskap yang sesuai supaya tidak berserabut. Selepas seharian bekerja, saya perlu menenangkan fikiran. Jadi saya memilih landskap mempunyai unsur tropika kerana ia dekat dengan jiwa.

Ditambah pula dengan unsur air, dapat menghapuskan ketegangan,” katanya.

Beliau berkata, rumah yang mempunyai ruang sempit eloklah ditanam dengan pokok berdaun kecil dan berbunga sederhana.

Warna juga memberi impak kepada ruang kerana terlalu banyak warna gelap iaitu dipenuhi banyak pokok jenis berdaun, akan kelihatan sempit jika dibandingkan ruang yang ditanam dengan tanaman berwarna cerah.

Selain itu, katanya, susunan landskap yang mengikut turutan jarak akan menimbulkan suasana harmoni kerana jika tanaman bertekstur kasar dan halus digunakan, ia akan menampakkan kawasan lebih luas.

Dalam pemilihan warna, bahagian belakang mestilah menggunakan tanaman berwarna cerah daripada kawasan tengah dan hadapan bagi memperlihatkan suasana teratur.

“Bagi mengelakkan rasa bosan, prinsip kepelbagaian digunakan membabitkan bentuk, tekstur dan warna dengan menggabungkan tiga unsur reka bentuk. “Untuk menghidupkan suasana lebih dinamik, prinsip ulangan digunakan dengan menanam tanaman jenis yang sama,” katanya.

Beliau berkata, penggunaan batu kuari berwarna putih berfungsi membina garisan dalam unsur reka bentuk yang digunakannya untuk tempat berjalan kaki bagi melembutkan garisan dalam landskap dan sebagai terapi kaki.

Maznah berkata, kos bagi membina sebuah landskap bergantung kepada keluasan dan jenis tumbuhan yang di ingini. Jika pandai mengubah suai ruang dengan jenis tumbuhan ia boleh direalisasikan dengan kos serendah RM1,000.

INFO
Tips membina landskap

Pastikan arah cahaya matahari kerana sesetengah tumbuhan memerlukan cahaya matahari yang banyak.

Sebelum membina landskap tentukan konsep yang diingini.

Tentukan fungsi landskap itu sama ada untuk hiasan atau untuk dijadikan ruang bersantai bersama keluarga.

Pastikan pokok yang dipilih ber sesuaian kerana jika salah kombinasi boleh mencacatkan peman dangan.

Tiga bulan pertama, pastikan tumbuhan dijaga dengan baik kerana ia perlukan masa untuk sesuaikan dengan keadaan baru.

baca lagi
http://www.wanitakini.org/

Landscape Planning

Landscape planning is a branch of landscape architecture. Urban park systems and greenways of the type planned by Frederick Law Olmsted are key examples of urban landscape planning. Landscape designers tend to work for clients who wish to commission construction work. Landscape planners can look beyond the 'closely drawn technical limits' and 'narrowly drawn territorial boundaries' which constrain design projects.

Landscape planners tend to work on projects which:

• are of broad geographical scope
• concern many land uses or many clients
• are implemented over a long period of time

In rural areas, the damage caused by unplanned mineral extraction was one of the early reasons for a public demand for landscape planning.

The principles of landscape planning are now incorporated in various types of legislation and policy documents. In America, the National Environmental Policy Act was influenced by the work of Ian McHarg on Environmental impact assessment. In Germany, the Federal Nature Conservation Act requires the preparation of landscape plans. For the Europe Union as a whole, the European Landscape Convention has wide-ranging implications for the design and planning of relationships between development and the landscape. In Asia, major development projects are taking place and illustrating the need for good landscape planning. The Three Gorges Dam, for example, will have extensive impacts on the landscape. They have been planned to a degree but future monitoring of the project is likely to show that better landscape planning and design would have been possible.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Landscaping

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including:

1. living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly referred to as gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beautiful environment within the landscape.
2. natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water;
3. human elements such as structures, buildings, fences or other material objects created and/or installed by humans; and
4. abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.

Landscaping is both science and art, and requires good observation and design skills. A good landscaper understands the elements of nature and construction, and blends them accordingly.

Thales, an early Greek philosopher known for his view that "all is water," spent a considerable time thinking about the nature and scope of landscaping. Some of his students believed that in order for human activity to be considered landscaping, it must be directed toward modifying the physical features of the land itself, including the cultivation and/or manipulation of plants or other flora. Thales rejected this notion, arguing that any aspect of the material world affecting our visual perception of the land was a proper subject for landscaping. Both Plato and Aristotlepraised Thales' analysis as a model for philosophy. In the early 20th century, British philosopher G.E. Moore cited Thales' reasoning as one of the few historical examples of how philosophical inquiry has led to genuine human understanding and progress.

Philosophers in the 17th century debated whether visual beauty was a necessary goal of landscaping. With the advent of the positivists by the early 20th century, however, most western philosophers had rejected the notion of an objective esthetic standard for any form of art, including landscaping. Practitioners since the mid-20th century have experimented with jarring visual panoramas that are now generally accepted, at least in western societies, as falling within the scope of landscaping.

Introduction

Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land, including physical elements such aslandforms, living elements of flora and fauna, abstract elements like lighting and weather conditions, and human elements like human activity and the built environment.

The word landscape comes from the Dutch word landschap, from land (directly equivalent to the Englishword land) also the suffix -schap, corresponding to the English suffix "-ship".

Landscape, first recorded in 1598, was borrowed as a painters' term from Dutch during the 16th century, when Dutch artists were on the verge of becoming masters of the landscape art genre. The Dutch wordlandschap had earlier meant simply 'region, tract of land' but had acquired the artistic sense, which it brought over into English, of 'a picture depicting scenery on land'.